Trial intelligence hub
Metabolic peptide trial intelligence hub
Structured library of pivotal metabolic peptide clinical trials. SURMOUNT, SURPASS, STEP, SUSTAIN, SELECT, SUMMIT, FLOW, TRIUMPH, LEADER and SCALE — population, comparator, primary endpoint, key findings, limitations, evidence grade and UK relevance.
Each trial page describes the population, comparator, duration, primary endpoint, key findings, safety profile, limitations and what the evidence does not prove. Where exact published numerical results are quoted, the primary publication is linked. Where data are still topline-only or under embargo, this is flagged and the page does not invent statistics.
The trial library is structured to support evidence-led claims rather than promotional ones. For interpretation skills see the research-methods primer.
Trials covered
SURMOUNT-1
Molecule: Tirzepatide · Mounjaro / Zepbound · Eli Lilly
Population: Adults with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥30, or ≥27 with weight-related comorbidities) without type 2 diabetes. ≈2,500 participants.
Primary endpoint: Percent change in body weight from baseline at week 72; proportion achieving ≥5% body-weight reduction.
SURMOUNT-2
Molecule: Tirzepatide · Mounjaro / Zepbound · Eli Lilly
Population: Adults with type 2 diabetes and obesity (BMI ≥27). ≈900 participants.
Primary endpoint: Percent change in body weight from baseline at week 72.
SURMOUNT-3
Molecule: Tirzepatide · Eli Lilly
Population: Adults with obesity (BMI ≥30) or overweight (BMI ≥27) with a weight-related comorbidity, following an initial 12-week lifestyle lead-in.
Primary endpoint: Additional percent body-weight reduction from randomisation to week 72.
SURMOUNT-4
Molecule: Tirzepatide · Eli Lilly
Population: Adults with obesity or overweight with comorbidities, randomised after a 36-week open-label tirzepatide run-in.
Primary endpoint: Percent change in body weight from week 36 (randomisation) to week 88.
SURMOUNT-5
Molecule: Tirzepatide · Eli Lilly
Population: Head-to-head trial in adults with obesity comparing tirzepatide versus semaglutide.
Primary endpoint: Percent change in body weight from baseline at week 72.
SURPASS-2
Molecule: Tirzepatide · Mounjaro · Eli Lilly
Population: Adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin. ≈1,880 participants.
Primary endpoint: Change in HbA1c from baseline at week 40; body-weight change assessed as a key secondary endpoint.
SURPASS-CVOT
Molecule: Tirzepatide · Mounjaro · Eli Lilly
Population: Adults with type 2 diabetes and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). ≈13,000 participants.
Primary endpoint: Time to first occurrence of MACE-3 (cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke).
SELECT
Molecule: Semaglutide 2.4 mg · Wegovy · Novo Nordisk
Population: Adults aged ≥45 years with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥27) and established cardiovascular disease but without type 2 diabetes. ≈17,600 participants.
Primary endpoint: Time to first major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE-3): cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke.
STEP 1
Molecule: Semaglutide 2.4 mg · Wegovy · Novo Nordisk
Population: Adults with BMI ≥30, or ≥27 with weight-related comorbidities, without type 2 diabetes. ≈1,961 participants.
Primary endpoint: Percent change in body weight from baseline at week 68.
STEP 2
Molecule: Semaglutide 2.4 mg · Wegovy · Novo Nordisk
Population: Adults with type 2 diabetes and overweight (BMI ≥27) or obesity (BMI ≥30). ≈1,200 participants.
Primary endpoint: Percent change in body weight from baseline at week 68.
STEP 5
Molecule: Semaglutide 2.4 mg · Wegovy · Novo Nordisk
Population: Adults with obesity, randomised to continued semaglutide vs placebo for 104 weeks.
Primary endpoint: Percent change in body weight from baseline at week 104.
LEADER
Molecule: Liraglutide · Victoza · Novo Nordisk
Population: Adults with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk. ≈9,340 participants.
Primary endpoint: MACE-3 (cardiovascular death, non-fatal MI, non-fatal stroke).
SUSTAIN-6
Molecule: Semaglutide · Ozempic · Novo Nordisk
Population: Adults with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk (established cardiovascular disease, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, or age ≥60 with cardiovascular risk factors). ≈3,300 participants.
Primary endpoint: Time to first MACE-3 (cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke), assessed for non-inferiority against a pre-specified margin.
PIONEER 6
Molecule: Semaglutide (oral) · Rybelsus · Novo Nordisk
Population: Adults with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk (established cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, or age ≥60 with cardiovascular risk factors). ≈3,180 participants.
Primary endpoint: Time to first MACE-3, assessed for non-inferiority against a pre-specified margin.
REWIND
Molecule: Dulaglutide · Trulicity · Eli Lilly
Population: Adults with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk, including a substantial primary-prevention subset (approximately 69% without established atherosclerotic CV disease at baseline). ≈9,900 participants across 24 countries.
Primary endpoint: MACE-3 (composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke).
SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes
Molecule: Liraglutide 3.0 mg · Saxenda · Novo Nordisk
Population: Adults with obesity (BMI ≥30) or overweight (BMI ≥27) with prediabetes or comorbidities. ≈3,731 participants.
Primary endpoint: Percent change in body weight; proportion achieving ≥5% body-weight reduction.
TRIUMPH programme
Molecule: Retatrutide · Eli Lilly
Population: Adults across multiple TRIUMPH studies — obesity, T2D, and MASLD/MASH cohorts. Trials are ongoing or with topline-only data at the time of review.
Primary endpoint: Varies by individual TRIUMPH study (weight, HbA1c, hepatic outcomes).
FLOW
Molecule: Semaglutide 1.0 mg · Ozempic · Novo Nordisk
Population: Adults with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). ≈3,500 participants.
Primary endpoint: Composite kidney outcome (persistent ≥50% eGFR reduction, kidney failure, kidney or cardiovascular death).
SUMMIT
Molecule: Tirzepatide · Mounjaro / Zepbound · Eli Lilly
Population: Adults with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and obesity (BMI ≥30). ≈730 participants.
Primary endpoint: Co-primary composite of cardiovascular death or worsening heart-failure events; change in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ-CSS) at 52 weeks.
SYNERGY-NASH
Molecule: Tirzepatide · Mounjaro / Zepbound · Eli Lilly
Population: Adults with biopsy-confirmed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and stage F2-F3 liver fibrosis. ≈190 participants.
Primary endpoint: MASH resolution without worsening of liver fibrosis, assessed on paired liver biopsy at 52 weeks.
- Trial data does not prove suitability for any individual.
- Preclinical data does not establish human safety or efficacy.
- Phase 2 data is not the same as regulatory approval.
- Weight-change outcomes do not automatically prove cardiovascular benefit.
- Short-duration trials cannot fully establish long-term safety.
- Research-only compounds should not be used outside authorised research.